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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 25(100): 425-427, Oct.-Dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228836

RESUMO

La laringitis aguda (crup) es una enfermedad común de origen viral, que constituye la causa más frecuente de obstrucción de la vía aérea superior en la infancia. Se caracteriza por la presencia de un grado variable de tos perruna o metálica, afonía, estridor y dificultad respiratoria. La incidencia estimada es del 3-6% de niños entre 3-6 meses y 6 años, con un pico máximo en el segundo año de vida y durante el otoño y el invierno. La principal causa es el virus parainfluenza tipo 1. El diagnóstico se realiza por la clínica, tos perruna, afonía y estridor inspiratorio. No son necesarias otras exploraciones. En función de la gravedad, que estableceremos con un score clínico, pautaremos el tratamiento. El tratamiento farmacológico será a base de corticoides y adrenalina en las laringitis moderadas y graves. La dexametasona oral es el corticoide de elección en todos los casos. (AU)


Acute laryngitis/croup is a common disease of viral origin, which is the most frequent cause of upper airway obstruction in childhood. It is characterized by the presence of a variable degree of dog or metal cough, aphonia, stridor and respiratory distress. The estimated incidence is 3-6% of children between 3-6 months and 6 years, with a peak in the second year of life and during the autumn and winter. The main cause is the parainfluenza virus type 1. The diagnosis is made based on the symptoms, barking cough, hoarseness and inspiratory stridor. No other examinations are necessary. Depending on the severity, which will be objectively established with a clinical score, will the treatment be prescribed. Oral corticosteroids are the treatment of choice in all diagnosed children. Pharmacological treatment is corticosteroids and adrenaline in moderate and severe laryngitis. Oral dexamethasone is the corticosteroid of choice in all cases. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pediatria , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Laringite/diagnóstico , Laringite/tratamento farmacológico , Laringite/terapia , Dexametasona , Corticosteroides
2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 972023 Oct 11.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37921377

RESUMO

This document summarises the evidence regarding the association between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), such as hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, fetal growth defects (small for gestational age and/or fetal growth restriction), placental abruption, fetal loss, and the risk that a pregnant individual in developing vascular risk factors (VR) that may lead to future vascular disease (VD): coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure. Furthermore, this document emphasises the importance of recognising APOs when assessing VR in women. A history of APOs serves as a sufficient indicator for primary prevention of VD. In fact, adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity among women with APOs, starting during pregnancy and/or postpartum, and maintaining it throughout life are significant interventions that can reduce VR. On the other hand, breastfeeding can also reduce the future VR of women, including a lower risk of mortality. Future studies evaluating the use of aspirin, statins, and metformin, among others, in women with a history of APOs could strengthen recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy for primary prevention of VD in these patients. Various healthcare system options exist to improve the transition of care for women with APOs between different healthcare professionals and implement long-term VR reduction strategies. One potential process could involve incorporating the fourth-trimester concept into clinical recommendations and healthcare policies.


Este documento resume la evidencia que existe entre los resultados adversos del embarazo (RAE), tales como son los trastornos hipertensivos, el parto pretérmino, la diabetes gestacional, los defectos en el crecimiento fetal (feto pequeño para la edad gestacional y/o restricción del crecimiento), el desprendimiento de placenta y la pérdida fetal, y el riesgo que tiene una persona gestante de desarrollar factores de riesgo vascular (RV) que pueden terminar provocando enfermedad vascular (EV) futura: cardiopatía coronaria, accidente cerebrovascular, enfermedad vascular periférica e insuficiencia cardíaca. Asimismo, este documento destaca la importancia de saber reconocer los RAE cuando se evalúa el RV en mujeres. Un antecedente de RAE es un indicador suficiente para hacer una prevención primaria de EV. De hecho, adoptar una dieta saludable y aumentar la actividad física entre las mujeres con RAE, de inicio en el embarazo y/o postparto y manteniéndolo a lo largo de la vida, son intervenciones importantes que permiten disminuir el RV. Por otro lado, la lactancia materna también puede disminuir el RV posterior de la mujer, incluyendo menos riesgo de mortalidad. Estudios futuros que evalúen el uso del ácido acetilsalicílico, las estatinas y la metformina, entre otros, en las mujeres con antecedentes de RAE podrían reforzar las recomendaciones sobre el uso de la farmacoterapia en la prevención primaria de la EV entre estas pacientes. Existen diferentes opciones dentro de los sistemas de salud para mejorar la transición de la atención de las mujeres con RAE entre los diferentes profesionales e implementar estrategias para reducir su RV a largo plazo. Una posible estrategia podría ser la incorporación del concepto del cuarto trimestre en las recomendaciones clínicas y las políticas de atención de la salud.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Nascimento Prematuro , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Placenta , Espanha , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202310084, Oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228322

RESUMO

Este documento resume la evidencia que existe entre los resultados adversos del embarazo (RAE), tales como son los trastornos hipertensivos, el parto pretérmino, la diabetes gestacional, los defectos en el crecimiento fetal (feto pequeño para la edad gestacional y/o restricción del crecimiento), el desprendimiento de placenta y la pérdida fetal, y el riesgo que tiene una persona gestante de desarrollar factores de riesgo vascular (RV) que pueden terminar provocando enfermedad vascular (EV) futura: cardiopatía coronaria, accidente cerebrovascular, enfermedad vascular periférica e insuficiencia cardíaca. Asimismo, este documento destaca la importancia de saber reconocer los RAE cuando se evalúa el RV en mujeres. Un antecedente de RAE es un indicador suficiente para hacer una prevención primaria de EV. De hecho, adoptar una dieta saludable y aumentar la actividad física entre las mujeres con RAE, de inicio en el embarazo y/o postparto y manteniéndolo a lo largo de la vida, son intervenciones importantes que permiten disminuir el RV. Por otro lado, la lactancia materna también puede disminuir el RV posterior de la mujer, incluyendo menos riesgo de mortalidad. Estudios futuros que evalúen el uso del ácido acetilsalicílico, las estatinas y la metformina, entre otros, en las mujeres con antecedentes de RAE podrían reforzar las recomendaciones sobre el uso de la farmacoterapia en la prevención primaria de la EV entre estas pacientes. Existen diferentes opciones dentro de los sistemas de salud para mejorar la transición de la atención de las mujeres con RAE entre los diferentes profesionales e implementar estrategias para reducir su RV a largo plazo. Una posible estrategia podría ser la incorporación del concepto delcuarto trimestre en las recomendaciones clínicas y las políticas de atención de la salud.(AU)


This document summarises the evidence regarding the association between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), such as hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, gestational diabetes, fetal growth defects (small for gestational age and/or fetal growth restriction), placental abruption, fetal loss, and the risk that a pregnant individual in developing vascular risk factors (VR) that may lead to future vascular disease (VD): coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure. Furthermore, this document emphasises the importance of recognising APOs when assessing VR in women. A history of APOs serves as a sufficient indicator for primary prevention of VD. In fact, adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity among women with APOs, starting during pregnancy and/or postpartum, and maintaining it throughout life are significant interventions that can reduce VR. On the other hand, breastfeeding can also reduce the future VR of women, including a lower risk of mortality.Future studies evaluating the use of aspirin, statins, and metformin, among others, in women with a history of APOs could strengthen recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy for primary prevention of VD in these patients. Various healthcare system options exist to improve the transition of care for women with APOs between different healthcare professionals and implement longterm VR reduction strategies. One potential process could involve incorporating the fourth-trimester concept into clinical recommendations and healthcare policies.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Obstetrícia/tendências , Ginecologia/tendências , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Gestacional/prevenção & controle , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto , Espanha , Natimorto , Trabalho de Parto Prematuro , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez , Prevenção de Doenças
4.
Eur J Pediatr ; 182(3): 1329-1340, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36639534

RESUMO

Temporary changes in childhood obesity and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors have been receiving increased attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in general (GO) and abdominal (AO) obesity in children from 4 to 9 years of age and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors at 9 years of age. This study includes 1344 children from the Longitudinal Childhood Obesity Study (ELOIN). Physical examinations performed at 4, 6 and 9 years of age and a blood sample was only taken at 9 years of age. Changes in obesity from 4 to 9 years of age were estimated using Body Mass Index and waist circumference. Participants were classified into four groups according to GO and AO: (1) stable without obesity (no obesity at all three measurements); (2) remitting obesity at 9 years (obesity at 4 and/or 6 years but not at 9 years); (3) incident or recurrent obesity at 9 years (obesity only at 9 years, at 4 and 9 years or at 6 and 9 years); and (4) stable or persistent with obesity (obesity at 4, 6 and 9 years). Dyslipidemia and dysglycemia were defined by the presence of at least one altered parameter of the lipid or glycemic profile. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression. Compared with children without GO at all ages, those with persistent GO had an OR of 3.66 (95% CI: 2.06-6.51) for dyslipidemia, 10.61 (95% CI: 5.69-19.79) for dysglycemia and 8.35 (95% CI: 4.55-15.30) for high blood pressure. The associations were fairly similar in the case of AO, with ORs of 3.52 (95% CI: 1.96-6.34), 17.15 (95% CI: 9.09-32.34) and 8.22 (95% CI: 4.46-15.15), respectively, when comparing persistent versus stable without AO. Children with incident obesity at 9 years presented a moderate cardiometabolic risk that was nevertheless higher compared to those stable without obesity, whereas those with remitting obesity did not show any significant associations. CONCLUSION: Incident, and especially, persistent obesity, is associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk. The very early prevention of obesity, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, as well as tracking growth from birth to age 5, should be a priority to prevent the burden of cardiometabolic disease with consequences for adulthood. WHAT IS KNOWN: • General and abdominal obesity has been shown to be associated with other cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. • Temporary changes in obesity and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors have not been sufficiently explored in childhood. WHAT IS NEW: • Children with incident, and especially persistent, general and/or abdominal obesity, had an increased risk of dyslipidemia, dysglycemia and high blood pressure. •Remitting obesity was not associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Dislipidemias , Hipertensão , Obesidade Pediátrica , Humanos , Criança , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Obesidade Pediátrica/complicações , Obesidade Pediátrica/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/complicações , Obesidade Abdominal/diagnóstico , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Hipertensão/complicações , Circunferência da Cintura , Dislipidemias/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 98(1): 59.e1-59.e10, ene. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214788

RESUMO

Introducción: La estructura familiar y la crianza están cambiando en la sociedad, se incrementa el sedentarismo, el uso de pantallas y de redes sociales. Las familias y los profesionales sanitarios deben aprender a educar, adaptando sus consejos de salud al nuevo entorno social y digital. Material y métodos: Para renovar el Programa de Salud Infantil (PSI) de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AEPap) se envió una encuesta a los representantes de más de 5.000 pediatras. Se incorporaron aportaciones de los programas preventivos de Andalucía, Baleares y Asturias. Se distribuyeron las diferentes intervenciones y consejos en 9 grupos etarios. Resultados: Parte de las recomendaciones están basadas en el trabajo del grupo PrevInfad, llevadas a cabo con metodología de medicina basada en la evidencia, mediante la evaluación y la síntesis de la evidencia de las actividades preventivas propuestas. La AEPap considera que el PSI debe realizarse por el equipo de pediatría: pediatra y enfermera/o, potenciándose así las competencias específicas. La OMS considera primordial empoderar a las personas, familias y comunidades para que optimicen su salud al convertirlas en cuidadoras de sí mismas y de otros, dotándolas de herramientas que protegen el bienestar. Conclusiones: Por todo ello se decide plasmar el PSI en formato de app para dispositivos móviles gratuita, como método innovador y asequible de divulgación de salud infantojuvenil. Se informa sobre consejos de crianza para los familiares, para los niños/as y adolescentes y describe las revisiones de salud para los sanitarios. (AU)


Introduction: The family structure and parenting are changing in society, sedentary lifestyle, the use of screens and social networks is increasing. Families and health professionals must learn to educate, adapting their health advice to the new social and digital environment. Materials and methods: A survey was sent to the representatives of more than 5000 paediatricians to renew the Well Child Visits Program of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics (AEPap). Contributions from preventive programs from Andalusia, the Balearic Islands and Asturias were incorporated. The different interventions and advice were distributed in nine age groups. Results: Part of the recommendations are based on the work of the PrevInfad group. It uses the methodology of evidence-based medicine and performs the evaluation and synthesis of the evidence in the proposed preventive activities. The AEPap considers that the Well Child Program should be carried out by the paediatric team: the paediatrician and the nurse, thus enhancing specific skills. The WHO considers it is essential to empower individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health by making them caretakers of themselves and others, equipping them with tools that protect their well-being. Conclusions: Hence, it was decided to capture the Well Child Program in the format of a free APP for mobile devices, as an innovative and affordable method of disseminating child and adolescent health. Information is given on parenting advice for family members, for children and adolescents and describes health check-ups for health workers. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Aplicativos Móveis , Prevenção Primária , Inquéritos e Questionários , Autocuidado
6.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 98(1): 59.e1-59.e10, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36528495

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The family structure and parenting are changing in society, sedentary lifestyle, the use of screens and social networks is increasing. Families and health professionals must learn to educate, adapting their health advice to the new social and digital environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was sent to the representatives of more than 5000 paediatricians to renew the Well Child Visits Programme of the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatrics (AEPap). Contributions from preventive programmes from Andalusia, the Balearic Islands and Asturias were incorporated. The different interventions and advice were distributed in nine age groups. RESULTS: Part of the recommendations are based on the work of the PrevInfad group. It uses the methodology of evidence-based medicine and performs the evaluation and synthesis of the evidence in the proposed preventive activities. The AEPap considers that the Well Child Programme should be carried out by the paediatric team: the paediatrician and the nurse, thus enhancing specific skills. The WHO considers it essential to empower individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health by making them caretakers of themselves and others, equipping them with tools that protect their well-being. CONCLUSION: Hence, it was decided to capture the Well Child Programme in the format of a free APP for mobile devices, as an innovative and affordable method of disseminating child and adolescent health. Information is given on parenting advice for family members, for children and adolescents and describes health check-ups for health workers.


Assuntos
Saúde da Criança , Poder Familiar , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Espanha
7.
Aten Primaria ; 54 Suppl 1: 102441, 2022 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36435589

RESUMO

Two important topics about children and adolescents in our primary care activity are presented in this update document: tobacco smoking prevention in adolescence and prophylaxis with vitamin K to prevent the hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.


Assuntos
Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Vitamina K , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança
8.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 24(94)abr. - jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212116

RESUMO

Presentamos la adaptación española de las Guías Europeas de Prevención Cardiovascular 2021. En esta actualización, además del abordaje individual, se pone mucho más énfasis en las políticas sanitarias como estrategia de prevención poblacional. Se recomienda el cálculo del riesgo vascular de manera sistemática a todas las personas adultas con algún factor de riesgo vascular. Los objetivos terapéuticos para el colesterol LDL, la presión arterial y la glucemia no han cambiado respecto a las anteriores guías, pero se recomienda alcanzar estos objetivos de forma escalonada (etapas 1 y 2). Se recomienda llegar siempre hasta la etapa 2, y la intensificación del tratamiento dependerá del riesgo a los 10 años y de por vida, del beneficio del tratamiento, de las comorbilidades, de la fragilidad y de las preferencias de los pacientes. Las guías presentan por primera vez un nuevo modelo para calcular el riesgo -SCORE2 y SCORE2-OP de morbimortalidad vascular en los próximos 10 años (infarto de miocardio, ictus y mortalidad vascular) en hombres y mujeres entre 40 y 89 años. Otra de las novedades sustanciales es el establecimiento de diferentes umbrales de riesgo dependiendo de la edad (<50, 50-69, ≥70 años). Se presentan diferentes algoritmos de cálculo del riesgo vascular y tratamiento de los factores de riesgo vascular para personas aparentemente sanas, pacientes con diabetes y pacientes con enfermedad vascular aterosclerótica. Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica se considerarán de riesgo alto o muy alto según la tasa del filtrado glomerular y el cociente albúmina/creatinina. Se incluyen innovaciones en las recomendaciones sobre los estilos de vida, adaptadas a las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Sanidad, así como aspectos novedosos relacionados con el control de los lípidos, la presión arterial, la diabetes y la insuficiencia renal crónica (AU)


Statement of the Spanish Interdisciplinary Vascular Prevention Committee on the updated European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.We present the Spanish adaptation of the 2021 European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) prevention in clinical practice. In addition to an individualised approach, the current guidelines strongly emphasize the importance of health policy as a population prevention strategy.Routine CVD risk assessment is recommended in all adult individuals with a vascular risk factor. Treatment goals and targets for LDL cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus have not changed from those in previous guidelines, although a stepwise approach (steps 1 and 2) is now being proposed. It is recommended to always reach step 2, with treatment intensification based on risk at 10 years and throughout life, the benefits of treatment, comorbidities, fragility and the preferences of the patient. For the first time, the guidelines propose a new model (SCORE 2 and SCORE2-OP) to assess the risk of fatal and non-fatal vascular events in the next 10 years (myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular mortality) in healthy men and women aged 40-89 years. Another important novelty is the establishment of different risk based on age (<50, 50-69, ≥70 years).The guidelines provide different algorithms for assessment of CVD risk and management of risk factors in apparently healthy persons, patients with diabetes and patients with known atherosclerotic CVD. Patients with chronic kidney disease are considered to be at high or very high-risk based on the glomerular filtration rate and albumin-to-creatinine ratio. They also include new lifestyle recommendations, adapted to those published by the Spanish Ministry of Health, as well as novel aspects concerning the control of lipid levels, blood pressure, diabetes and chronic renal failure. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Europa (Continente) , Fatores de Risco , Algoritmos , Espanha
9.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 23(90): 195-205, abr.- jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222765

RESUMO

El déficit de vitamina K al nacimiento supone un factor de riesgo para desarrollar la enfermedad hemorrágica del recién nacido (EHRN). Este estado pro hemorrágico puede producir sangrados graves principalmente a nivel cutáneo, gastrointestinal y cerebral. Hay buena evidencia de que la administración de vitamina K en el recién nacido (RN) es segura y eficaz, los daños potenciales son leves, por lo que está claro el beneficio neto a favor de la administración. El grupo PrevInfad recomienda administrar a todos los recién nacidos 1 mg de vitamina K de forma profiláctica por vía intramuscular para prevenir la EHRN. En el documento, se hacen consideraciones especiales para prematuros y para niños cuyos padres rechazan la profilaxis intramuscular. Asimismo, se presenta una propuesta operativa e información para padres (AU)


Vitamin K deficiency at birth is a risk factor for Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. This bleeding prone situation can produce severe hemorrhages mainly in the skin, gastrointestinal tract and brain.There is strong evidence that the administration of vitamin K to the newborn is safe and effective, potential side effects are mild, so there is a clear benefit of its administration.PrevInfad workgroup recommends the prophylactic administration of 1 mg intramuscular Vitamin K to prevent the Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.Some special considerations for preterm newborns and for children whose parents reject intramuscular prophylaxis are explained in the document. Moreover, an operative proposal and information for parents are presented. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sangramento por Deficiência de Vitamina K/prevenção & controle , Vitamina K/administração & dosagem , Antifibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências
10.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(88): 411-422, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-201452

RESUMO

El consumo de tabaco puede llegar a ser un problema durante la adolescencia. La experimentación con el tabaco puede llevar a un consumo de larga duración y dependencia. Los adolescentes fumadores tienen el mismo riesgo a largo plazo que los fumadores adultos de desarrollar cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Además, el tabaco supone un riesgo importante para el bebé durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Tras realizar una revisión amplia de la literatura científica, el grupo PrevInfad concluye que no existen pruebas de buena calidad a favor ni en contra para recomendar la intervención individual frente al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes. No obstante, dadas las importantes implicaciones que tiene para la salud el desarrollo precoz de dependencia del tabaco y la mayor dificultad de abandono de este cuando se inicia a edades tempranas, parece mayor el beneficio que el riesgo de realizar consejo o intervención breve, teniendo en cuenta tanto las preferencias y valores de los adolescentes y sus familias como los recursos disponibles


Tobacco consumption may become a problem in adolescence. Experiencing tobacco may drive to a long-lasting consumption and dependence. Adolescents smokers have the same risk in the long term than adult smokers as far as cancer, cardiovascular disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is concerned. Moreover, tobacco implies relevant risks during pregnancy and breastfeeding. After a comprehensive literature review, the group PrevInfad concludes that there is no good quality evidence in favor nor against the recommendation of individual intervention on tobacco consumption in adolescents. Nevertheless, given the relevant implications in health of the early tobacco dependence, and the greater difficulty of its cessation when started at an early age, the benefit of the brief counseling or intervention seems greater than its risk, taking into account the values and preferences of the adolescents and their families as well as the available resources


Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Tabagismo/complicações , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Comportamento do Adolescente , Europa (Continente)
13.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(87): 311-321, jul.-sept. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200823

RESUMO

El síndrome depresivo que aparece durante la infancia o la adolescencia tiende a seguir un curso crónico, con alta probabilidad de permanecer en la edad adulta. Su sintomatología repercute en la vida diaria del menor y, en el caso de la depresión mayor, supone un riesgo para la aparición de conducta suicida. Dada la variabilidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas y las dificultades en el diagnóstico, se plantea la posible utilidad del uso de cuestionarios de cribado en la población infantil y adolescente, a partir de un análisis del rendimiento de estos y de la eficacia de las medidas terapéuticas actuales. El presente trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes, y al final de este se recopilan las recomendaciones de distintos grupos de trabajo y tras el análisis de la evidencia, las recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria


The depressive syndrome that appears during childhood or adolescence tends to follow a chronic course, with a high probability of remaining in adulthood. Its symptoms affect the daily life of the minor and in case of major depression, it poses a risk for the onset of suicidal behavior. Given the variability of its clinical manifestations and the difficulties in diagnosis, the possible usefulness of the use of screening questionnaires in the child and adolescent population is proposed, based on an analysis of their performance and the efficacy of current therapeutic measures. This article, which has been divided in two parts, ends with several recommendations for the consultation of pediatricians in Primary Care made by PrevInfad Group, after analyzing their evidence


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Psicoterapia/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
15.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(86): 161-163, abr.-jun. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198530

RESUMO

El enfisema subcutáneo es el proceso por el cual el aire penetra en el espacio subcutáneo, produciendo distensión de las partes blandas. Puede ser de origen traumático, iatrogénico o producirse de forma espontánea. Es infrecuente su aparición tras procedimientos dentales y no ha sido descrito asociado a la ortopedia dentofacial. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con enfisema subcutáneo tras un traumatismo por un aparato de avance mandibular tipo Herbst


Subcutaneous emphysema is the condition in which air penetrate the subcutaneous space causing soft-tissue distention. It may be traumatic, iatrogenic or may occur spontaneously. Its appearance is rare after dental procedures and has not been reported associated to dentofacial orthopedics. We report the case of a patient who developed subcutaneous emphysema after a trauma from a Herbst-type mandibular advancement appliance


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Enfisema Subcutâneo/diagnóstico , Aparelhos Ortodônticos Fixos/efeitos adversos , Retrognatismo/terapia , Enfisema Subcutâneo/etiologia , Má Oclusão/terapia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico
16.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(86): 195-206, abr.-jun. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198537

RESUMO

El síndrome depresivo que aparece durante la infancia o la adolescencia tiende a seguir un curso crónico, con alta probabilidad de permanecer en la edad adulta. Su sintomatología repercute en la vida diaria del menor y, en el caso de la depresión mayor, supone un riesgo para la aparición de conducta suicida. Dada la variabilidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas y las dificultades en el diagnóstico, se plantea la posible utilidad del uso de cuestionarios de cribado en la población infantil y adolescente, a partir de un análisis del rendimiento de estos y de la eficacia de las medidas terapéuticas actuales. El presente trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes, y al final de este se recopilan las recomendaciones de distintos grupos de trabajo y tras el análisis de la evidencia, las recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria


The depressive syndrome that appears during childhood or adolescence tends to follow a chronic course, with a high probability of remaining in adulthood. Its symptoms affect the daily life of the minor and in case of major depression, it poses a risk for the onset of suicidal behavior. Given the variability of its clinical manifestations and the difficulties in diagnosis, the possible usefulness of the use of screening questionnaires in the child and adolescent population is proposed, based on an analysis of their performance and the efficacy of current therapeutic measures. This article, which has been divided in two parts, ends with several recommendations made by different work groups and, after analyzing the evidence, the ones that the PrevInfad group has agreed on for the consultation of pediatricians in Primary Care


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Psicometria/métodos , Depressão/classificação , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Progressão da Doença , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
17.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 22(85): e35-e47, ene.-mar. 2020. INFORMACIÓN DESCRIPTIVA:, ilus, tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-193449

RESUMO

La prevención de los accidentes de tráfico es un tema de gran trascendencia social y un asunto de primera magnitud en salud pública. El grupo PrevInfad presenta en este documento la actualización de sus recomendaciones para la prevención de las lesiones por accidente de tráfico en niños y adolescentes, publicando en este caso un documento totalmente nuevo, que puede ser consultado en su versión íntegra en la página web del grupo (previnfad.aepap.org). La metodología incluye el diseño de un marco analítico, la formulación de preguntas estructuradas, la búsqueda y el análisis de la bibliografía. Dentro del apartado de accidentes de tráfico se van a considerar los ocasionados en vehículos a motor con el niño como pasajero o con el adolescente como conductor de ciclomotores u otros vehículos, los sufridos por peatones y las lesiones por caídas de bicicleta o por colisión de estas con vehículos a motor. También se incluye a los niños que se inician en la competición de ciclomotor. Es evidente que gran parte de las acciones preventivas corresponden a otros estamentos, si bien el pediatra tiene el deber de actuar como consejero y como grupo científico


Traffic accident prevention is an issue of social relevance and a very important public health matter. The working group PrevInfad presents in this document the update of its recommendations for traffic injury prevention in children and adolescents. The published document is brand new and can be consulted in full on the group's website (previnfad.aepap.org). The methodology includes the design of an analytic framework, the formulation of structured questions, the search of the evidence and the analysis of the bibliography. Traffic accidents are considered those caused in motor vehicles with the child as a passenger or with the adolescent as a driver of motorcycles or other vehicles, the accidents suffered by pedestrians and the injuries by falls from bicycles or from collision of bicycles with motor vehicles. The document also includes children that initiate into motorcycle competition. Many of the preventive actions concern to other levels, nevertheless the pediatricians must act as advisers and as scientific group


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Dispositivos de Proteção da Cabeça , Sistemas de Proteção para Crianças , Cintos de Segurança , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Fúria no Trânsito , Prevenção de Acidentes/métodos
18.
Aten Primaria ; 52 Suppl 2: 149-160, 2020 11.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33388113

RESUMO

Four important topics about children and adolescents in our Primary Care activity are presented in this update document: support for breastfeeding, promotion of physical activity, prevention of child injuries due to traffic accidents, and screening for major depression.


Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos
19.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(84): 415-425, oct.-dic. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191986

RESUMO

La actualización sobre las actividades de promoción de la actividad física en la infancia y adolescencia se aborda en dos partes. En la primera se analizan los beneficios en salud y los posibles riesgos de la actividad física. En la segunda se valora la evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física y disminución del sedentarismo en la edad pediátrica. El grupo PrevInfad sugiere hacer intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física o a la disminución del sedentarismo tanto en Atención Primaria como en el entorno escolar o comunitario


The update on actions to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence is addressed in two parts. In the first part, the benefits in health and the possible risks of physical activity are analysed. In the second part, the evidence about the efficacy of the interventions directed to promote physical activity and decrease sedentary lifestyles in the paediatric age is assessed. The PrevInfad group suggests making interventions aimed at the promotion of physical activity or at reducing sedentary lifestyles, both in primary care and in the school or community environment


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Técnicas de Exercício e de Movimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade Pediátrica/prevenção & controle , Manejo da Obesidade/métodos , Comportamento Sedentário , Treinamento de Força/métodos , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos
20.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 21(83): 279-291, jul.-sept. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188648

RESUMO

La actualización sobre las actividades de promoción de la actividad física en la infancia y adolescencia se aborda en dos partes. En la primera se analizan los beneficios en salud y los posibles riesgos de la actividad física. En la segunda se valora la evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física y disminución del sedentarismo en la edad pediátrica. El grupo PrevInfad sugiere hacer intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física o a la disminución del sedentarismo tanto en Atención Primaria como en el entorno escolar o comunitario


The update on actions to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence is addressed in two parts. In the first part, the benefits in health and the possible risks of physical activity are analyzed. In the second part, the evidence about the efficacy of the interventions directed to promote physical activity and decrease sedentary lifestyles in the pediatric age is assessed. The PrevInfad group suggests making interventions aimed at the promotion of physical activity or at reducing sedentary lifestyles, both in Primary Care and in the school or community environment


Assuntos
Humanos , Obesidade Pediátrica/prevenção & controle , Sobrepeso/prevenção & controle , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Treinamento de Força/métodos , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Treinamento de Força/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Prevenção de Doenças
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